“Fit. The first school for chaplains in American naval history is now in operation at the Navy base in Norfolk, Va. An important part of the two months’ course calls fro physical conditioning drills such as this one to prepare men for strenuous service at sea (By Wide World)” Photo from “Sunday News, New York Picture Newspaper,” May 17, 1942 (author’s collection).

“First aid. Instructor Ned Wolfarth demonstrates to naval chaplain candidates the art of applying splints. By law the Navy may appoint one chaplain for every 1,250 officers and men. (By Wide World)” Photo from “Sunday News, New York Picture Newspaper,” May 17, 1942 (author’s collection).

“Lecture. Chaplain S. W. Salisbury Sr., explains to class some of the duties and training of naval chaplains. Men learn Navy history and traditions, first aid, attendance on sick and imprisoned, and how to arrange divine services at sea or shore. (By Wide World)” Photo from “Sunday News, New York Picture Newspaper,” May 17, 1942 (author’s collection).

“NAVY TRAINS JEWISH CHAPLAINS. NORFOLK, VA- Before Pearl Harbor there were only two Jewish chaplains in the entire Navy. Today these four new ones are completing their training at the Chaplains’ School of the naval operating base here. Left to right–Selwyn D. Ruslander of Cincinnati, Ohio, Lieutenant Junior Grade; Samuel Sandmel of Chapel Hill, N.C., Lieutenant Junior Grade; Julius Mark of Nashville, Tenn., Lieutenant; and Jacob Philip Rudin, of Great Neck, L.I., N.Y., Lieutenant. (US. Navy Official Photo…) 8/21/42.”